In the 21st century, social media has demonstrated individuals’ participation in the public sphere, heralding a new digital era. Platforms like X, Facebook, and Instagram offer vast opportunities for access to information and freedom of expression while also providing a ground for the spread of disinformation, hate speech, and digital manipulation. Particularly, Twitter has become a critical tool for social movements and political campaigns, favoured by the American public more than other social networks, and it attracts a user profile that tends to have higher household income and education levels than the general adult population. However, these tools’ boundaries and ethical responsibilities continue to be debated (Wojcik & Hughes, 2019).
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